Tim Cook
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For other people named Tim Cook, see Tim Cook (disambiguation).
| Tim Cook | |
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Cook after 2009 Macworld Expo keynote
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| Born | Timothy Donald Cook November 1, 1960[1] Mobile, Alabama, U.S. |
| Residence | Palo Alto, California [2][3][4] |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Chief Executive of Apple Inc. |
| Employer | Apple Inc. (1998–present) |
| Salary | US$10.28 million (2015)[5] |
| Net worth | US$785 million[6] |
| Board member of |
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Timothy Donald "Tim" Cook (born November 1, 1960) is an American business executive, and is the Chief Executive Officer of Apple Inc., previously serving as Chief Operating Officer.[7]
Cook joined Apple in March 1998[8] as senior vice president of worldwide operations and then served as Executive Vice President of worldwide sales and operations. He was made Chief Executive on August 24, 2011, succeedingSteve Jobs.[9] He had previously been named acting chief after Jobs beganmedical leave in January 2011.[10] In early 2012, he was awarded compensation of one million shares, vesting in 2016 and 2021, by Apple's board of directors.[11]
Cook also serves on the boards of directors of Nike, Inc.[9] and the National Football Foundation.[12] In 2014, Cook became the first Chief Executive of aFortune 500 company to publicly identify as gay.[13]
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[hide]Early life and education[edit]
Cook was born in Mobile, Alabama, United States,[14] and grew up in nearbyRobertsdale. His father, Donald, was a shipyard worker, and his mother, Geraldine, worked at a pharmacy.[14][15]
Cook graduated from Robertsdale High School. He earned a B.S. degree inindustrial engineering from Auburn University in 1982,[16] and his Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business in 1988.[17]
IBM[edit]
After graduating from Auburn University, Cook spent 12 years in IBM's personal computer business, ultimately serving as the director of North American fulfillment.[8] Later, he served as Chief Operating Officer of the computer reseller division of Intelligent Electronics and was vice president for corporate materials at Compaq for six months.[18]
Apple[edit]
Early career[edit]
Cook was asked to join Apple by Jobs in 1998. In a commencement speech at Auburn University, Cook said he decided to join Apple after meeting Jobs for the first time:
His first assignment was Senior Vice President for worldwide operations.[8] In relation to the role, Cook was quoted as saying: "You kind of want to manage it like you're in the dairy business. If it gets past its freshness date, you have a problem".[20]
Cook closed factories and warehouses, replacing them with contract manufacturers, causing a reduction in the company's inventory, from months to days. Predicting its importance, his group invested in long-term deals such as advance investment inflash memory from 2005 onwards, guaranteeing stable supply of what became a key iPod Nano, then iPhone and iPad component. Competitors at HP, describing their cancelled TouchPad tablet computer, later said that it was made from "cast-off reject iPad parts."[21] Cook's actions were credited with keeping costs under control and, combined with the company's design and marketing savvy, generated huge profits.[22]
In January 2007, Cook was promoted to lead operations[23] and served as Chief Executive in 2009, while Jobs was away on a leave of absence to manage his health. In January 2011, Apple's board of directors approved a third medical leave of absence requested by Jobs. During that time, Cook was responsible for most of Apple's day-to-day operations, while Jobs made most major decisions.[24][25]
Role as chief executive[edit]
After Jobs resigned as CEO and became chairman of the board, Cook was named the new Chief Executive Officer of Apple Inc. on August 24, 2011.[26][27] Six weeks later, on October 5, 2011, Jobs died because of complications from cancer.[28]Forbes contributor Robin Ferracone wrote in September 2011: "Jobs and Cook proceeded to forge a strong partnership, and rescued the company from its death spiral, which took it from $11 billion in revenue in 1995 down to less than $6 billion in 1998 ... Under their leadership, the company went from its nadir to a remarkable $100 billion today".[25] In April 2012,Time included Cook on its annual "100 Most Influential People in the World" list.[29]
On October 29, 2012, Cook made major changes to the company's executive team. Scott Forstall resigned as senior vice president of iOS, and became an advisor to Cook until he eventually departed from the company in 2013. John Browett, who was SVP of retail, was dismissed six months after he commenced at Apple, when he received 100,000 shares worth US$60 million.[30] Forstall's duties were divided among four other Apple executives: design SVP Sir Jonathan Ive assumed leadership of Apple's human interface team; Craig Federighi became the new head of iOS software engineering; services chief Eddy Cue became responsible for Maps and Siri; and Bob Mansfield, previously SVP of hardware engineering, became the head of a new technology group.[31]
Cook's executive changes occurred after the third quarter of the fiscal year (Q3), when revenues and profits grew less than predicted.[32] One commentator said that Forstall was forced to step down, as Cook "decided to lance the boil as internal politics and dissent reached a key pitch". Since becoming CEO, Cook focused upon building a harmonious culture that meant "weeding out people with disagreeable personalities—people Jobs tolerated and even held close, like Forstall";[33]although, another journalist said that "Apple's ability to innovate came from tension and disagreement."[34]
On February 28, 2014, Cook made headlines when he challenged shareholders to "get out of the stock" if they didn't share the company's views on sustainability and climate change.[35]
In May 2016, Cook traveled to China to meet with government officials there after the closure of Apple's online iTunes Store and iBooks store by the Chinese government.[37]
Cyber security[edit]
Alongside Google vice-president Vint Cerf and AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson, Cook attended a closed-door summit held by President Barack Obama, on August 8, 2013, in regard to government surveillance and the Internet in the wake of theEdward Snowden NSA incident.[38][39]
Following the December 2015 terrorist attack in San Bernardino, California, in which 14 people were killed, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) solicited Apple to assist in "unlock[ing]" an iPhone 5C used by one of the attackers.[40] On February 16, 2016, in response to a request by the Department of Justice, a federal magistrate judge ordered Apple to create a custom iOS firmware version that would allow investigators to circumvent the phone's security features.[41] Cook responded in an open letter, wherein he denounced the government's demands as constituting a "breach of privacy" with "chilling" consequences.[40][42]
Public image[edit]
Leadership style[edit]
As Apple Inc. CEO, Cook regularly begins sending emails at 4:30 a.m. and previously held Sunday-night staff meetings by telephone to prepare for the next week.[20] Cook shared the keys to his leadership at Apple in May 2013: people, strategy, and execution; he explained, "If you get those three right the world is a great place."[43] Under Cook's leadership, Apple has increased its donations to charity, and in 2013, he hired Lisa Jackson, formerly the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, to assist Apple with the development of its renewable energy activities.[44][45][46]
Personal life[edit]
Cook is a fitness enthusiast and enjoys hiking, cycling, and going to the gym. Cook is known for being mostly solitary. He uses an off-campus fitness center for privacy, and very little is publicly known of his personal life. He explained in October 2014 that he has sought to achieve a "basic level of privacy".[20][46] Cook was misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1996, an incident he said made him "see the world in a different way". He has since taken part in charity fundraising, such as cycle races to raise money for the disease. Cook later told an Auburn alumni magazine that his symptoms came from "lugging a lot of incredibly heavy luggage around."[47]
In 2009, Cook claimed he offered a portion of his liver to Jobs, since both share a rare blood type. Cook claims Jobs responded by yelling, "I'll never let you do that. I'll never do that."[48]
While delivering the 2010 commencement speech at Auburn University, Cook emphasized the importance of intuition during significant decision-making processes in his life, and further explained that preparation and hard work are also necessary to execute on intuition.[49]
Public advocacy[edit]
While it had been reported in early 2011 that Cook was gay,[50][51] Cook chose to keep his personal life private.[52] He did publicly support LGBT rights.[53] In October 2014, the Alabama Academy of Honor inducted Cook, who spoke about his home state's record of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights.[54] The Academy of Honor is the highest honor Alabama gives its citizens.[55]
On October 30, 2014, Cook came out as gay in an editorial for Bloomberg Business, stating "I'm proud to be gay, and I consider being gay among the greatest gifts God has given me."[56] Cook also explained that he has been open about his sexuality "for years" and, while many people at Apple were aware of his sexual orientation, he sought to focus on Apple's products and customers rather than his personal life. He ended the article by saying "We pave the sunlit path toward justice together, brick by brick. This is my brick."[57] As a result, Cook became the first openly gay CEO on the Fortune 500 list.[58]In September 2015, Cook appeared on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert; when asked about what inspired him to publicly reveal his sexual orientation, he responded, "Where I valued my privacy significantly, I felt that I was valuing it too far above what I could do with other people, so I wanted to tell everyone my truth."[59]
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