Who is Firon? How did he die?

King of Egypt during the time of prophet Moses.
He had enslaved children of Israel over years, and had killed their first born sons(because of a prophesy of one of them rising against him), with the exception of prophet Moses, who as per the will of God, was kept in a basket and laid in the river. The pharaoh's wife found the baby and raised him.
Later on Moses was told that he was the prophet of God and sent to the firon, so as to deliver the message of one God and afterlife to him and to command him to free the Children of Israel.
He was given the miracles - his staff, when he would put it on ground, would turn into a serpent, and his hand when he would put it in his pocket and draw it out, it would seem white to the observers.
These miracles, Firon's advisors told him, were magic tricks, and a day and meeting point was decided. The Firon, summoned all great magicians and a contest followed, in which the magicians did a brilliant display of magic tricks, but then Moses was told by God, to throw his staff, and his staff swallowed all the illusions, seeing this the magicians testified and acknowledged the God of Moses, but the Firon, he threatened them saying that he(Moses) must be your master and he taught you all of it, and threatened to cut their hands and feets, on opposite sides.

 The Pharaoh is reported to have ordered his minister, Haman, to build a tower so that he "may look at the God of Moses".Gradually, Pharaoh began to fear that Moses may convince the people that he was not the true God, and wanted to have Moses killed. After this threat, a man from the family of Pharaoh, who had years ago warned Moses, came forth and warned the people of the punishment of God for the wrongdoers and reward for the righteous. The Pharaoh defiantly refused to allow the Israelites to leave Egypt.
Then 9 plagues were sent down upon them.

These punishments came in the form of floods that demolished their dwellings, swarms of locust that destroyed the crops,pestilence of lice that made their life miserable, toads that croaked and sprang everywhere, and the turning of all drinking water into blood. Each time the Pharaoh was subjected to humiliation, his defiance became greater. The Quran mentions that God instructed Moses to travel at night with the Israelites, and warned them that they would be pursued. The Pharaoh chased the Israelites with his army after realizing that they had left during the night.

Having escaped and then being pursued by the Egyptians, the Israelites stopped when they reached the seafront. The Israelites exclaimed to Moses that they would be overtaken by Pharaoh and his army. The Quran narrates God commanding Moses to strike the sea with his staff, instructing them not to fear being overtaken or drowning. Upon striking the sea, it divided into two parts, that allowed the Israelites to pass through. The Pharaoh witnessed the sea splitting alongside his army, but as they also tried to pass through, the sea closed in on them. As he was about to die, Pharaoh claimed belief in the God of Moses and the Israelites, but his belief was rejected by God. The Quran states that the body of thePharaoh was made a sign and warning for all future generations.

"What, now! When previously you rebelled and were one of the corrupters?Today we will preserve your body so you can be a Sign for people who come after you. Surely many people are heedless of Our Signs." (Qur'an, 10:91-92)

References till this point:
Quran - You can read chapter 2 Surah Al Baqarah, however whatever I have mentioned is from all over the Quran.
Surat Al-Baqarah
Moses in Islam

Coming to the second part:
Why his dead body is in museum?

TL;DR: He is kept in a museum, since his body was found and it is implied in the Quran, that God will keep his body as a sign - this is the fulfillment of a prophecy in Islam. It is seen as a sign of foreknowledge of events and as one of the miracles of Quran. That is why he is kept in a museum and is not being buried.

An excerpt from an article is following:
France is known for its unique interest in archeology and heritage. When French Socialist President François Mitterrand assumed power in 1981, France asked Egypt, late in the 80’s, for the mummy of Egypt’s pharaoh so that it would conduct a string of monumental and processing experiments. Actually the body of Egypt’s most notorious tyrant was transferred to France, and, strangely, the French president and his ministers as well as senior officials in the country lined up near the plane carrying the pharaoh’s body and bowed down to him as if he were still alive! After the ceremonies of the royal-like reception to Egypt’s pharaoh were over, the tyrant’s mummy was carried nearly in the same red carpet reception way he received. Then the mummy was transferred to a special wing at the French Monuments Center, and renowned archeologists, surgeons and anatomists started to conduct a study on this mummy in an attempt to delve into its mysteries. The senior surgeon and the scientist in charge of the study on this mummy of the Pharaoh was Professor Maurice Bucaille. While the processors were busy making restoration to the mummy, their head (Maurice Bucaille) was thinking otherwise. He was trying to discover how this Pharaoh died when, late at night, he concluded his final analyses. The remains of the salt stuck in his body was a shining evidence that he had drowned and that his body was retrieved from the sea swiftly after he drowned; it was also obvious that they rushed to mummify his body so that his body would remain intact!! But Maurice Bucaille puzzled over a question: How did this body — to the exclusion of other mummified bodies of other ancient Egyptians — remain that intact although it was recovered from the sea?” Maurice was busy conducting a final report while thinking as to whether the pharaoh’s body was recovered from the sea and mummified immediately after he drowned. But one of his company whispered in his ear, saying “There is no need to rush about this issue, since the Muslims say that this Pharaoh did drown.” At first, he vehemently rejected this and did not believe it, citing that such a discovery would be reached only through sophisticated, modern and accurate computers. Another one accompanying him surprised him more when he told him that the Muslims’ Qur’an in which they believe narrates the story that says he drowned and that his body remained intact even after he drowned. He got more surprised and kept on asking” Where did the Muslims’ Qur’an quote these data from while the mummy was not discovered until 1898, i.e. about 200 years only, given that the Qur’an has been recited by Muslims for over 1400 years, and given also that until a few decades ago the entire mankind including Muslims did not know that the ancient Egyptians had mummified their pharaohs?

Source: The story of Maurice Bucaille’s inspiring conversion to Islam

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